After hearing the adhan
اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ الْقَائِمَةِ، آتِ مُحَمَّدًا الْوَسِيلَةَ وَالْفَضِيلَةَ، وَابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ
Transliteration: Allahumma Rabba hadhihi’d-da‘watit-tammah, was-salatil qa’imah, ati Muhammadan al-wasilata wal-fadilah, wab‘athhu maqaman mahmudan alladhi wa‘adtah.
Meaning: O Allah, Lord of this perfect call and established prayer, grant Muhammad the Wasilah and virtue, and raise him to the praised station You promised him.
When: After hearing the adhan.
Source: Sahih al-Bukhari 614.
Sending salah upon the Prophet ﷺ
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ
Transliteration: Allahumma salli ‘ala Muhammad wa ‘ala ali Muhammad.
Meaning: O Allah, send salah upon Muhammad and upon the family of Muhammad.
When: In salah where taught, after the adhan, on Fridays, and throughout daily remembrance.
Source: Qur’an 33:56 and authentic hadith on the salawat in salah.
Ask Allah for good in both worlds
رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ
Transliteration: Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanah, wa fil-akhirati hasanah, wa qina ‘adhaban-nar.
Meaning: Our Lord, give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and protect us from the punishment of the Fire.
When: Frequently, especially in salah, tawaf, and personal dua.
Source: Qur’an 2:201.
Ask Allah for firmness
يَا مُقَلِّبَ الْقُلُوبِ ثَبِّتْ قَلْبِي عَلَى دِينِكَ
Transliteration: Ya Muqallibal-qulub, thabbit qalbi ‘ala dinik.
Meaning: O Turner of hearts, keep my heart firm upon Your religion.
When: Often, especially when fearing trials, doubts, sins, and spiritual weakness.
Source: Jami‘ at-Tirmidhi 2140, graded hasan in many hadith references.