GiftBook 51 of Sahih al-Bukhari

Narrated Abu Sa'id that the Prophet said, "Assign a share for me with you."

وَقَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «اضْرِبُوا لِي مَعَكُمْ سَهْمًا».

وَقَالَ سَهْلٌ قَالَ لِي النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «اسْقِنِي».

The Prophet accepted the fleshy foreleg of the game from Abu Qatada.

وَقَبِلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ عَضُدَ الصَّيْدِ.

If somebody gives something to some of his sons then it is not permissible unless he does justice to all of his sons and gives the same to the other sons equally, but no one has the right to bear witness to what one’s father does. The Prophet said, “Do justice when giving a gift to your children.” Is it permissible for the father to demand back the gift which he has given to his children? What one can eat from one’s son’s property? One can eat reasonably without extravagance. And the Prophet bought a camel from ‘Umar and gave it to Ibn ‘Umar and said, “Dispose it as you like.”

وَإِذَا أَعْطَى بَعْضَ وَلَدِهِ شَيْئًا لَمْ يَجُزْ، حَتَّى يَعْدِلَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَيُعْطِيَ الآخَرِينَ مِثْلَهُ، وَلاَ يُشْهَدُ عَلَيْهِ. وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «اعْدِلُوا بَيْنَ أَوْلاَدِكُمْ فِي الْعَطِيَّةِ». وَهَلْ لِلْوَالِدِ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِي عَطِيَّتِهِ وَمَا يَأْكُلُ مِنْ مَالِ وَلَدِهِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَلاَ يَتَعَدَّى. وَاشْتَرَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ عُمَرَ بَعِيرًا ثُمَّ أَعْطَاهُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، وَقَالَ: «اصْنَعْ بِهِ مَا شِئْتَ».

Ibrahim said, “It is permissible.” ‘Umar bin ‘Abdul ‘Aziz said, “None of them can take his gift back.” The Prophet took permission from his wives to let him stay with ‘Aishah during his illness. The Prophet said, “A person who takes back his gift (what he donates) is like a dog that swallows back its vomit.” Az-Zuhri said, “If a husband asks his wife to remit all or some of the Mahr (bridal money), and shortly after her consent he divorces her whereupon she demands what she has given up, then he should pay back her gift, if he has deceived her. But if she has given her free consent willingly and the man has meant no deception, the gift is valid, for Allah تعالى says: “… But if they, of their own good pleasure, remit any part of it to you…” (V.4:4)

قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ جَائِزَةٌ. وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ لاَ يَرْجِعَانِ. وَاسْتَأْذَنَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نِسَاءَهُ فِي أَنْ يُمَرَّضَ فِي بَيْتِ عَائِشَةَ. وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «الْعَائِدُ فِي هِبَتِهِ كَالْكَلْبِ يَعُودُ فِي قَيْئِهِ». وَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ فِيمَنْ قَالَ لاِمْرَأَتِهِ هَبِي لِي بَعْضَ صَدَاقِكِ أَوْ كُلَّهُ. ثُمَّ لَمْ يَمْكُثْ إِلاَّ يَسِيرًا حَتَّى طَلَّقَهَا فَرَجَعَتْ فِيهِ قَالَ يَرُدُّ إِلَيْهَا إِنْ كَانَ خَلَبَهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ أَعْطَتْهُ عَنْ طِيبِ نَفْسٍ، لَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ خَدِيعَةٌ، جَازَ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: {فَإِنْ طِبْنَ لَكُمْ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ نَفْسًا}.

Allah تعالى says: "And give not unto the foolish your property..." (V.4:5)

وَعِتْقُهَا إِذَا كَانَ لَهَا زَوْجٌ فَهْوَ جَائِزٌ، إِذَا لَمْ تَكُنْ سَفِيهَةً، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ سَفِيهَةً لَمْ يَجُزْ، قَالَ تَعَالَى: {وَلاَ تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهَاءَ أَمْوَالَكُمْ}.

Umar bin Abdul-Aziz said, "A gift was (really) a gift during the lifetime of Allah’s Messenger ﷺ, but today it is a bribe."

وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ كَانَتِ الْهَدِيَّةُ فِي زَمَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ هَدِيَّةً، وَالْيَوْمَ رِشْوَةٌ.

‘Ubaida said, "If both the giver and the receiver have died but the present was set aside (i.e., separated) in the lifetime of the receiver, it will be given to his inheritors, and if it was not separated, it will go to the inheritors of the giver." Al-Hasan said, "It will be given to the inheritors of the receiver (i.e., to whom the present was meant) no matter who died first, if the gift has been delivered to the messenger."

وَقَالَ عَبِيدَةُ إِنْ مَاتَ وَكَانَتْ فُصِلَتِ الْهَدِيَّةُ وَالْمُهْدَى لَهُ حَيٌّ فَهْيَ لِوَرَثَتِهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ فُصِلَتْ فَهْيَ لِوَرَثَةِ الَّذِي أَهْدَى. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ أَيُّهُمَا مَاتَ قَبْلُ فَهْيَ لِوَرَثَةِ الْمُهْدَى لَهُ. إِذَا قَبَضَهَا الرَّسُولُ.

Narrated Ibn 'Umar: I was riding a troublesome camel and the Prophet ﷺ bought it and said: "It (this camel) is for you, O 'Abdullah."

وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ كُنْتُ عَلَى بَكْرٍ صَعْبٍ فَاشْتَرَاهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَالَ: «هُوَ لَكَ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ».

According to Al-Hakam, it is permissible. Al-Hasan bin 'Ali رضي الله عنه gave up the debt due to him to a man as a gift. The Prophet ﷺ said, "If somebody owes something, he should either repay it or get it remitted." Jabir said, "When my father was martyred, he was in debt. So, the Prophet ﷺ asked his creditors to take the fruits of my garden and forgive my father."

قَالَ شُعْبَةُ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ هُوَ جَائِزٌ. وَوَهَبَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ- عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ- لِرَجُلٍ دَيْنَهُ وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ حَقٌّ فَلْيُعْطِهِ، أَوْ لِيَتَحَلَّلْهُ مِنْهُ». فَقَالَ جَابِرٌ قُتِلَ أَبِي وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ، فَسَأَلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ غُرَمَاءَهُ أَنْ يَقْبَلُوا ثَمَرَ حَائِطِي، وَيُحَلِّلُوا أَبِي.

Asma' said to Al-Qasim bin Muhammad and Ibn Abu 'Atiq, "I inherited some land in the forest from my sister 'Aishah, and Mu'awiya offered me one hundred thousand for it, but I give it to both of you as a gift."

وَقَالَتْ أَسْمَاءُ لِلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَابْنِ أَبِي عَتِيقٍ وَرِثْتُ عَنْ أُخْتِي عَائِشَةَ بِالْغَابَةِ، وَقَدْ أَعْطَانِي بِهِ مُعَاوِيَةُ مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ، فَهُوَ لَكُمَا.

The Prophet ﷺ and his companions gave to the people of Hawazin what they had got from them as war booty, although it had not been divided yet.

وَقَدْ وَهَبَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ لِهَوَازِنَ مَا غَنِمُوا مِنْهُمْ، وَهْوَ غَيْرُ مَقْسُومٍ.

Jabir (ra) said, "I went to the Prophet (ﷺ) in the mosque and he paid me my right and gave me more than he owed me."

حَدَّثَنَا ثَابِتٌ حَدَّثَنَا مِسْعَرٌ عَنْ مُحَارِبٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَقَضَانِي وَزَادَنِي

[['Reference', ': Sahih al-Bukhari 2603'], ['In-book reference', ': Book 51, Hadith 37'], ['USC-MSA web (English) reference', ': Vol. 1, Book 47, Hadith 775'], ['(deprecated numbering scheme)', '']]

Ibn Abbas رضي الله عنهما is reported to have said that the people sitting with that person will be his co-owners. But this report is not confirmed by an authentic narration.

وَيُذْكَرُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ جُلَسَاءَهُ شُرَكَاءُ. وَلَمْ يَصِحَّ.

Narrated Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه: The Prophet ﷺ said, When Ibrahim (Abraham عليه السلام) migrated along with Sarah, he reached a town ruled by a king or a tyrant. The latter ordered his men to give Sarah, Ajar. The Prophet ﷺ was given a cooked poisoned sheep as a present. Narrated Abu Humaid رضي الله عنه: The king of Aila sent a white mule to the Prophet ﷺ, and the Prophet ﷺ sent him a garment and wrote to him a confirmation of the treaty concerning his country.

وَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «هَاجَرَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ- عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ- بِسَارَةَ فَدَخَلَ قَرْيَةً فِيهَا مَلِكٌ أَوْ جَبَّارٌ فَقَالَ أَعْطُوهَا آجَرَ». وَأُهْدِيَتْ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَاةٌ فِيهَا سُمٌّ. وَقَالَ أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ أَهْدَى مَلِكُ أَيْلَةَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَغْلَةً بَيْضَاءَ، وَكَسَاهُ بُرْدًا، وَكَتَبَ لَهُ بِبَحْرِهِمْ.

And the Statement of Allah تعالى: “Allah does not forbid you to deal justly and kindly with those who fought not against you on account of religion, nor drove you out of your homes. Verily, Allah loves those who deal with equity.” (V.60:8)

وَقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {لاَ يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ أَنْ تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوا إِلَيْهِمْ}.

If one says, “I give you the house as 'Umra,” one means, “I give it to you to live in as long as you are alive.”

أَعْمَرْتُهُ الدَّارَ فَهْيَ عُمْرَى جَعَلْتُهَا لَهُ {اسْتَعْمَرَكُمْ فِيهَا} جَعَلَكُمْ عُمَّارًا.

Narrated Abu Huraira:

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "What a good Maniha (the she-camel which has recently given birth and which gives profuse milk) is, and (what a good Maniha) (the sheep which gives profuse milk, a bowl in the morning and another in the evening) is!"

Some people said, “She is regarded as something lent temporarily, but if someone says, ‘I give you this garment to wear,’ then it is a gift.”

وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ هَذِهِ عَارِيَّةٌ. وَإِنْ قَالَ كَسَوْتُكَ هَذَا الثَّوْبَ. فَهْوَ هِبَةٌ.

Some people said, “The giver retains the right to claim restitution.”

وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهَا.