1) About (sharing) meals and the Nahd and Urud
باب الشَّرِكَةِ فِي الطَّعَامِ وَالنَّهْدِ وَالْعُرُوضِ
And how to divide what can be measured or weighed, either without measuring or weighing it or by measuring or weighing it.
Muslims see no harm in practising Nahd by which some of the partners may eat more and some may eat less of the food without measuring or weighing it. The same applies to distributing gold and silver without weighing them, and about eating two dates at a time when sharing a meal.
وَكَيْفَ قِسْمَةُ مَا يُكَالُ وَيُوزَنُ مُجَازَفَةً أَوْ قَبْضَةً قَبْضَةً، لَمَّا لَمْ يَرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي النَّهْدِ بَأْسًا أَنْ يَأْكُلَ هَذَا بَعْضًا، وَهَذَا بَعْضًا وَكَذَلِكَ مُجَازَفَةُ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ، وَالْقِرَانُ فِي التَّمْرِ.
2483
About (sharing) meals and the Nahd and Urud (1)
Narrated by Jabir bin `Abdullah
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ أَنَّهُ قَالَ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بَعْثًا قِبَلَ السَّاحِلِ، فَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ وَهُمْ ثَلاَثُمِائَةٍ وَأَنَا فِيهِمْ، فَخَرَجْنَا حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِبَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ فَنِيَ الزَّادُ، فَأَمَرَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بِأَزْوَادِ ذَلِكَ الْجَيْشِ فَجُمِعَ ذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ فَكَانَ مِزْوَدَىْ تَمْرٍ، فَكَانَ يُقَوِّتُنَا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ قَلِيلاً قَلِيلاً، حَتَّى فَنِيَ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُصِيبُنَا إِلاَّ تَمْرَةٌ تَمْرَةٌ. فَقُلْتُ وَمَا تُغْنِي تَمْرَةٌ فَقَالَ لَقَدْ وَجَدْنَا فَقْدَهَا حِينَ فَنِيَتْ. قَالَ ثُمَّ انْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى الْبَحْرِ فَإِذَا حُوتٌ مِثْلُ الظَّرِبِ، فَأَكَلَ مِنْهُ ذَلِكَ الْجَيْشُ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بِضِلَعَيْنِ مِنْ أَضْلاَعِهِ فَنُصِبَا، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِرَاحِلَةٍ فَرُحِلَتْ ثُمَّ مَرَّتْ تَحْتَهُمَا فَلَمْ تُصِبْهُمَا.
"Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) sent an army towards the east coast and appointed Abu 'Ubaida bin Al-Jarrah as their chief, and the army consisted of three hundred men including myself. We marched on till we reached a place where our food was about to finish. Abu 'Ubaida ordered us to collect all the journey food and it was collected. Our journey food was dates. Abu 'Ubaida kept on giving us our daily ration in small amounts from it till it was exhausted. The share of everyone of us used to be one date only." Jabir was asked, "How could one date benefit you?" He replied, "We came to know its value when even that too finished." Jabir added, "When we reached the sea-shore, we saw a huge fish which was like a small mountain. The army ate from it for eighteen days. Then Abu 'Ubaida ordered that two of its ribs be fixed in the ground. Then he ordered that a she-camel be ridden and it passed under the two ribs without touching them."
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by sharing limited resources fairly in hardship and by accepting cooperative distribution without greed.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2483
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 1
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 663
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
2484
About (sharing) meals and the Nahd and Urud (2)
Narrated by Salama
حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مَرْحُومٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ خَفَّتْ أَزْوَادُ الْقَوْمِ وَأَمْلَقُوا، فَأَتَوُا النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي نَحْرِ إِبِلِهِمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ، فَلَقِيَهُمْ عُمَرُ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ فَقَالَ مَا بَقَاؤُكُمْ بَعْدَ إِبِلِكُمْ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا بَقَاؤُهُمْ بَعْدَ إِبِلِهِمْ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " نَادِ فِي النَّاسِ فَيَأْتُونَ بِفَضْلِ أَزْوَادِهِمْ ". فَبُسِطَ لِذَلِكَ نِطَعٌ، وَجَعَلُوهُ عَلَى النِّطَعِ. فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَدَعَا وَبَرَّكَ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ دَعَاهُمْ بِأَوْعِيَتِهِمْ فَاحْتَثَى النَّاسُ حَتَّى فَرَغُوا، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ".
Once on a journey our provisions diminished and the people were reduced to poverty. They asked the Prophet (ﷺ) for permission to slaughter their camels, and he agreed. `Umar met them and said, "How would you survive after slaughtering your camels?" Then he spoke to the Prophet. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ordered `Umar to call upon the people to bring whatever remained of their food. A leather sheet was spread and all the food was collected over it. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) stood up and invoked Allah to bless it, then directed the people to come with their utensils, and they all took from it till all of them got what was sufficient for them. Then Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "I testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and I am His Messenger."
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by gathering resources collectively in crisis and trusting barakah when people cooperate sincerely.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2484
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 2
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 664
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
2485
About (sharing) meals and the Nahd and Urud (3)
Narrated by Rafi` bin Khadij
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَوْزَاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّجَاشِيِّ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَافِعَ بْنَ خَدِيجٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ كُنَّا نُصَلِّي مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم الْعَصْرَ فَنَنْحَرُ جَزُورًا، فَتُقْسَمُ عَشْرَ قِسَمٍ، فَنَأْكُلُ لَحْمًا نَضِيجًا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ.
We used to offer the `Asr prayer with the Prophet (ﷺ) and slaughter a camel, the meat of which would be divided in ten parts. We would eat the cooked meat before sunset.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by dividing shared assets and food portions clearly and justly among partners.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2485
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 3
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 665
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
2486
About (sharing) meals and the Nahd and Urud (4)
Narrated by Abu Musa
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلاَءِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، قَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم " إِنَّ الأَشْعَرِيِّينَ إِذَا أَرْمَلُوا فِي الْغَزْوِ، أَوْ قَلَّ طَعَامُ عِيَالِهِمْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ جَمَعُوا مَا كَانَ عِنْدَهُمْ فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ، ثُمَّ اقْتَسَمُوهُ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي إِنَاءٍ وَاحِدٍ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ، فَهُمْ مِنِّي وَأَنَا مِنْهُمْ ".
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "When the people of Ash`ari tribe ran short of food during the holy battles, or the food of their families in Medina ran short, they would collect all their remaining food in one sheet and then distribute it among themselves equally by measuring it with a bowl. So these people are from me, and I am from them."
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by building partnership on equality, trust, and mutual care, especially in hardship.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2486
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 4
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 666
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
2) Partners possessing joint property have to pay its Zakat equally
باب مَا كَانَ مِنْ خَلِيطَيْنِ فَإِنَّهُمَا يَتَرَاجَعَانِ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ
2487
Partners possessing joint property have to pay its Zakat equally
Narrated by Anas
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ، حَدَّثَنِي ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ أَنَسًا، حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ كَتَبَ لَهُ فَرِيضَةَ الصَّدَقَةِ الَّتِي فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ خَلِيطَيْنِ فَإِنَّهُمَا يَتَرَاجَعَانِ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ ".
Abu Bakr As-Siddiq wrote to him the law of Zakat made obligatory by Allah's Messenger and wrote: 'Partners possessing joint property have to pay its Zakat equally.'
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by keeping shared financial duties transparent and settling zakat fairly among partners.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2487
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 5
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 667
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
3) Division of sheep
باب قِسْمَةِ الْغَنَمِ
2488
Division of sheep
Narrated by 'Abaya bin Rafa'a bin Rafi' bin Khadij
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ الأَنْصَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبَايَةَ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ فَأَصَابَ النَّاسَ جُوعٌ فَأَصَابُوا إِبِلاً وَغَنَمًا. ... ثُمَّ قَسَمَ فَعَدَلَ عَشْرَةً مِنَ الْغَنَمِ بِبَعِيرٍ ...
My grandfather said, 'We were in the company of the Prophet (ﷺ) at Dhul-Hulaifa. The people felt hungry and captured some camels and sheep as booty. The Prophet ordered the pots to be upset, then distributed the animals regarding ten sheep as equal to one camel.'
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by valuing and dividing shared livestock or goods on a clear and agreed basis.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2488
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 6
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 668
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
4) A partner should not eat two dates at a time
باب الْقِرَانِ فِي التَّمْرِ بَيْنَ الشُّرَكَاءِ حَتَّى يَسْتَأْذِنَ أَصْحَابَهُ
2489
A partner should not eat two dates at a time (1)
Narrated by Ibn `Umar
حَدَّثَنَا خَلاَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا جَبَلَةُ بْنُ سُحَيْمٍ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ يَقُولُ نَهَى النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنْ يَقْرُنَ الرَّجُلُ بَيْنَ التَّمْرَتَيْنِ جَمِيعًا، حَتَّى يَسْتَأْذِنَ أَصْحَابَهُ.
The Prophet (ﷺ) decreed that one should not eat two dates together at a time unless he gets permission from his companions sharing the meal with him.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by avoiding selfish advantage in shared meals and by asking permission in small matters too.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2489
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 7
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 669
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
2490
A partner should not eat two dates at a time (2)
Narrated by Jabala
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ جَبَلَةَ، قَالَ كُنَّا بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَأَصَابَتْنَا سَنَةٌ، فَكَانَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ يَرْزُقُنَا التَّمْرَ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَمُرُّ بِنَا فَيَقُولُ لاَ تَقْرُنُوا فَإِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَهَى عَنِ الإِقْرَانِ، إِلاَّ أَنْ يَسْتَأْذِنَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْكُمْ أَخَاهُ.
While at Medina we were struck with famine. Ibn Az-Zubair used to provide us with dates. Ibn `Umar used to pass by us and say: Don't eat two dates together at a time unless one takes the permission of one's companion.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by guarding fairness in scarcity and not taking more than your due from shared provision.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2490
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 8
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 670
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
5) To get a joint property evaluated with a price
باب تَقْوِيمِ الأَشْيَاءِ بَيْنَ الشُّرَكَاءِ بِقِيمَةِ عَدْلٍ
2491
To get a joint property evaluated with a price (1)
Narrated by Nafi`
حَدَّثَنَا عِمْرَانُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِقْصًا لَهُ مِنْ عَبْدٍ ـ أَوْ شِرْكًا أَوْ قَالَ نَصِيبًا ـ وَكَانَ لَهُ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ بِقِيمَةِ الْعَدْلِ، فَهْوَ عَتِيقٌ، وَإِلاَّ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ ".
Ibn `Umar said: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, 'If one manumits his share of a jointly possessed slave, and can afford the price of the other shares according to the adequate price of the slave, the slave will be completely manumitted; otherwise he will be partially manumitted.'
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by using fair market valuation when resolving shared ownership matters.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2491
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 9
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 671
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
2492
To get a joint property evaluated with a price (2)
Narrated by Abu Huraira
حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ نَهِيكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شَقِيصًا مِنْ مَمْلُوكِهِ فَعَلَيْهِ خَلاَصُهُ فِي مَالِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ قُوِّمَ الْمَمْلُوكُ، قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ ثُمَّ اسْتُسْعِيَ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ ".
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever manumits his share of a jointly possessed slave, it is imperative for him to get that slave manumitted completely by paying the remaining price, and if he does not have sufficient money, then the price should be estimated justly, and he is to be allowed to work and earn the amount without overburdening him.'
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by balancing the rights of partners with justice and by not overburdening the weak party.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2492
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 10
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 672
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
6) Can one draw lots for divisions and shares
باب هَلْ يُقْرَعُ فِي الْقِسْمَةِ وَالاِسْتِهَامِ فِيهِ
2493
Can one draw lots for divisions and shares
Narrated by An-Nu`man bin Bashir
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّاءُ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عَامِرًا، يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ النُّعْمَانَ بْنَ بَشِيرٍ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " مَثَلُ الْقَائِمِ عَلَى حُدُودِ اللَّهِ وَالْوَاقِعِ فِيهَا كَمَثَلِ قَوْمٍ اسْتَهَمُوا عَلَى سَفِينَةٍ ... ".
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'The example of those who abide by Allah's restrictions and those who violate them is like people who drew lots for seats on a boat...' If the upper people stop the lower people from damaging the boat, all are saved.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by using fair methods like lots in shared matters and by preventing one partner's harmful act from sinking all.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2493
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 11
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 673
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
7) The partnership of orphans and inheritors
باب شَرِكَةِ الْيَتِيمِ وَأَهْلِ الْمِيرَاثِ
2494
The partnership of orphans and inheritors
Narrated by `Urwa bin Az-Zubair
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَامِرِيُّ الأُوَيْسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ ...
`Urwa asked `Aisha about the verse concerning orphan girls. She explained that it referred to an orphan girl under her guardian's care who shares his property, and he may desire to marry her without giving her a fair mahr. Guardians were forbidden to do so unless they acted justly.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by dealing with orphan and inheritance partnerships with utmost justice, especially where guardians hold power.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2494
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 12
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 674
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
8) Sharing land, etc.
باب الشَّرِكَةِ فِي الأَرَضِينَ وَغَيْرِهَا
2495
Sharing land, etc.
Narrated by Jabir bin `Abdullah
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم الشُّفْعَةَ فِي كُلِّ مَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ، فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَصُرِّفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فَلاَ شُفْعَةَ.
The Prophet (ﷺ) established the right of Shu'fa in joint properties, but when the land is divided and the ways are demarcated, then there is no pre-emption.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by understanding the rights attached to undivided joint property before sale or transfer.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2495
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 13
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 675
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
9) If partners divide the houses, etc.
باب إِذَا اقْتَسَمَ الشُّرَكَاءُ الدُّورَ أَوْ غَيْرَهَا فَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ رُجُوعٌ وَلاَ شُفْعَةٌ
2496
If partners divide the houses, etc.
Narrated by Jabir bin `Abdullah
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ قَضَى النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِالشُّفْعَةِ فِي كُلِّ مَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ، فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَصُرِّفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فَلاَ شُفْعَةَ.
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'The right of pre-emption is valid in every joint property, but when the land is divided and the way is demarcated, then there is no right of pre-emption.'
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by recognizing that once joint property is properly divided, old joint-ownership claims no longer continue.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2496
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 14
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 676
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
10) Sharing gold, silver and other articles
باب الاِشْتِرَاكِ فِي الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ وَمَا يَكُونُ فِيهِ الصَّرْفُ
2497, 2498
Sharing gold, silver and other articles
Narrated by Sulaiman bin Abu Muslim
حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ يَعْنِي ابْنَ الأَسْوَدِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ، قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْمِنْهَالِ عَنِ الصَّرْفِ، يَدًا بِيَدٍ فَقَالَ اشْتَرَيْتُ أَنَا وَشَرِيكٌ، لِي شَيْئًا يَدًا بِيَدٍ وَنَسِيئَةً ...
He asked Abu Minhal about money exchange from hand to hand. Abu Minhal said: I and a partner of mine bought something partly in cash and partly on credit. When they asked Al-Bara', he said the Prophet (ﷺ) told them: 'Take what was from hand to hand and leave what was on credit.'
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by keeping exchange transactions immediate where required and not mixing lawful spot exchange with unlawful credit delay.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2497, 2498
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 15
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 677
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
11) Partnership with a Dhimmi in share-cropping
باب مُشَارَكَةِ الذِّمِّيِّ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي الْمُزَارَعَةِ
2499
Partnership with a Dhimmi in share-cropping
Narrated by `Abdullah
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا جُوَيْرِيَةُ بْنُ أَسْمَاءَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ أَعْطَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم خَيْبَرَ الْيَهُودَ أَنْ يَعْمَلُوهَا وَيَزْرَعُوهَا وَلَهُمْ شَطْرُ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا.
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) rented the land of Khaibar to the Jews on the condition that they would work on it, cultivate it, and take half of its yield.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by understanding that lawful partnership in work and production can exist with clear terms and justice.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2499
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 16
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 678
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
12) Distribution of sheep and dividing them justly
باب قِسْمَةِ الْغَنَمِ وَالْعَدْلِ فِيهَا
2500
Distribution of sheep and dividing them justly
Narrated by `Uqba bin 'Amir
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَيْرِ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَعْطَاهُ غَنَمًا يَقْسِمُهَا عَلَى صَحَابَتِهِ ضَحَايَا، فَبَقِيَ عَتُودٌ فَذَكَرَهُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ " ضَحِّ بِهِ أَنْتَ ".
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) gave him some sheep to distribute among his companions for sacrifice. One kid remained, and when he informed the Prophet, he said: 'Sacrifice it on your own behalf.'
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by dividing entrusted goods fairly and reporting any remainder honestly.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2500
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 17
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 679
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
13) The sharing of food, etc.
باب الشَّرِكَةِ فِي الطَّعَامِ وَغَيْرِهِ
It is said that a man offered some price for something and another man signalled him to buy it. When 'Umar noticed that, he considered the second man as a partner of the first.
وَيُذْكَرُ أَنَّ رَجُلاً سَاوَمَ شَيْئًا فَغَمَزَهُ آخَرُ فَرَأَى عُمَرُ أَنَّ لَهُ شَرِكَةً.
2501, 2502
The sharing of food, etc.
Narrated by `Abdullah bin Hisham
حَدَّثَنَا أَصْبَغُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ زُهْرَةَ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ ...
His mother took him to the Prophet (ﷺ) for bay'ah but he was too young. Later Ibn `Umar and Ibn Az-Zubair would meet him in the market and say: 'Make us your partners, for the Prophet invoked Allah's blessing for you.' He would make them partners and often gain a camel-load of profit.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by entering partnerships openly and by sharing opportunity with trust and transparency.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2501, 2502
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 18
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 680
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
14) Sharing the slaves
باب الشَّرِكَةِ فِي الرَّقِيقِ
2503
Sharing the slaves (1)
Narrated by Ibn `Umar
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا جُوَيْرِيَةُ بْنُ أَسْمَاءَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ كُلَّهُ، إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ قَدْرَ ثَمَنِهِ يُقَامُ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ وَيُعْطَى شُرَكَاؤُهُ حِصَّتَهُمْ وَيُخَلَّى سَبِيلُ الْمُعْتَقِ ".
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever manumits his share of a jointly possessed slave, it is imperative on him to manumit the slave completely if he has sufficient money to pay the rest of its price estimated justly, and pay his partners their shares.'
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by respecting the rights of co-owners when dealing with jointly owned assets.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2503
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 19
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 681
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
2504
Sharing the slaves (2)
Narrated by Abu Huraira
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النُّعْمَانِ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ نَهِيكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِقْصًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ، أُعْتِقَ كُلُّهُ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ، وَإِلاَّ يُسْتَسْعَ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ ".
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever manumits his share of a jointly possessed slave, it is essential for him to manumit the slave completely if he has sufficient money. Otherwise he should look for some work for the slave to earn what would enable him to emancipate himself, without overburdening him with work.'
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by ensuring one partner’s action does not unjustly burden others in shared ownership.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2504
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 20
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 682
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
15) Sharing the Hady and Budn
باب الاِشْتِرَاكِ فِي الْهَدْىِ وَالْبُدْنِ، وَإِذَا أَشْرَكَ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ فِي هَدْيِهِ بَعْدَ مَا أَهْدَى
2505, 2506
Sharing the Hady and Budn
Narrated by Ibn `Abbas
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النُّعْمَانِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ. وَعَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ـ رضى الله عنهم ـ قَالَ قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ... وَأَشْرَكَهُ فِي الْهَدْىِ.
The Prophet (ﷺ) reached Mecca on the morning of the fourth of Dhul-Hijja and ordered the companions to change their Ihram to `Umra if they had no Hady. `Ali came from Yemen with the same intention as the Prophet, and the Prophet ordered him to remain in Ihram and let him share the Hady with him.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by allowing partnership in sacrificial offerings where the Sunnah permits it and the intention is clear.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2505, 2506
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 21
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 683
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
16) Ten sheep as equal to one camel in distribution
باب مَنْ عَدَلَ عَشْرًا مِنَ الْغَنَمِ بِجَزُورٍ فِي الْقَسْمِ
2507
Ten sheep as equal to one camel in distribution
Narrated by Abaya bin Rifaa
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبَايَةَ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ مِنْ تِهَامَةَ ... ثُمَّ عَدَلَ عَشْرًا مِنَ الْغَنَمِ بِجَزُورٍ ...
My grandfather Rafi` bin Khadij said: We were with the Prophet (ﷺ) in the valley of Dhul-Hulaifa of Tuhama and had some camels and sheep as booty. The Prophet came, ordered the pots upset, and distributed the booty considering one camel equal to ten sheep.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by using known and just equivalence when distributing shared goods or booty.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2507
In-book reference :
Book 47, Hadith 22
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 44, Hadith 684
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
