1) A partner can deputize for another
باب وَكَالَةُ الشَّرِيكِ الشَّرِيكَ فِي الْقِسْمَةِ وَغَيْرِهَا
No doubt, the Prophet ﷺ shared his Hady (i.e., sacrificing animals) with ‘Ali and then ordered ‘Ali to distribute them.
وَقَدْ أَشْرَكَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلِيًّا فِي هَدْيِهِ ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ بِقِسْمَتِهَا.
2299
A partner can deputize for another (1)
Narrated by `Ali
حَدَّثَنَا قَبِيصَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنْ أَتَصَدَّقَ بِجِلاَلِ الْبُدْنِ الَّتِي نُحِرَتْ وَبِجُلُودِهَا.
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ordered me to distribute the saddles and skins of the Budn which I had slaughtered.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by handling delegated work with trust, care, and exactness. If someone appoints you over shared matters, treat the task as an amanah and fulfill it with fairness.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2299
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 1
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 496
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
2300
A partner can deputize for another (2)
Narrated by `Uqba bin Amir
حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَيْرِ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَعْطَاهُ غَنَمًا يَقْسِمُهَا عَلَى صَحَابَتِهِ، فَبَقِيَ عَتُودٌ فَذَكَرَهُ لِلنَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ "ضَحِّ بِهِ أَنْتَ."
that the Prophet (ﷺ) had given him sheep to distribute among his companions and a male kid was left (after the distribution). When he informed the Prophet (ﷺ) of it, he said (to him), "Offer it as a sacrifice on your behalf."
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by reporting leftover or unassigned entrusted items honestly instead of deciding selfishly. Delegation includes accountability.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2300
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 2
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 497
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
2) If a Muslim deputizes a non-Muslim
باب إِذَا وَكَّلَ الْمُسْلِمُ حَرْبِيًّا فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ أَوْ فِي دَارِ الإِسْلاَمِ، جَازَ
2301
If a Muslim deputizes a non-Muslim
Narrated by `Abdur-Rahman bin `Auf
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي يُوسُفُ بْنُ الْمَاجِشُونِ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ كَاتَبْتُ أُمَيَّةَ بْنَ خَلَفٍ كِتَابًا بِأَنْ يَحْفَظَنِي فِي صَاغِيَتِي بِمَكَّةَ، وَأَحْفَظَهُ فِي صَاغِيَتِهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَلَمَّا ذَكَرْتُ الرَّحْمَنَ قَالَ لاَ أَعْرِفُ الرَّحْمَنَ، كَاتِبْنِي بِاسْمِكَ الَّذِي كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ. فَكَاتَبْتُهُ عَبْدُ عَمْرٍو فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي يَوْمِ بَدْرٍ خَرَجْتُ إِلَى جَبَلٍ لأُحْرِزَهُ حِينَ نَامَ النَّاسُ فَأَبْصَرَهُ بِلاَلٌ فَخَرَجَ حَتَّى وَقَفَ عَلَى مَجْلِسٍ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ فَقَالَ أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ، لاَ نَجَوْتُ إِنْ نَجَا أُمَيَّةُ. فَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ فَرِيقٌ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ فِي آثَارِنَا، فَلَمَّا خَشِيتُ أَنْ يَلْحَقُونَا خَلَّفْتُ لَهُمُ ابْنَهُ، لأَشْغَلَهُمْ فَقَتَلُوهُ ثُمَّ أَبَوْا حَتَّى يَتْبَعُونَا، وَكَانَ رَجُلاً ثَقِيلاً، فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكُونَا قُلْتُ لَهُ ابْرُكْ. فَبَرَكَ، فَأَلْقَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ نَفْسِي لأَمْنَعَهُ، فَتَخَلَّلُوهُ بِالسُّيُوفِ مِنْ تَحْتِي، حَتَّى قَتَلُوهُ، وَأَصَابَ أَحَدُهُمْ رِجْلِي بِسَيْفِهِ.
I got an agreement written between me and Umaiya bin Khalaf that Umaiya would look after my property (or family) in Mecca and I would look after his in Medina. When I mentioned the word 'Ar-Rahman' in the documents, Umaiya said, "I do not know 'Ar-Rahman.' Write down to me your name, (with which you called yourself) in the Pre-Islamic Period of Ignorance." So, I wrote my name ' `Abdu `Amr'. On the day (of the battle) of Badr, when all the people went to sleep, I went up the hill to protect him. Bilal saw him (i.e. Umaiya) and went to a gathering of Ansar and said, "(Here is) Umaiya bin Khalaf! Woe to me if he escapes!" So, a group of Ansar went out with Bilal to follow us. Being afraid that they would catch us, I left Umaiya's son for them to keep them busy but the Ansar killed the son and insisted on following us. Umaiya was a fat man, and when they approached us, I told him to kneel down, and he knelt, and I laid myself on him to protect him, but the Ansar killed him by passing their swords underneath me, and one of them injured my foot with his sword.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by understanding that agency can be used where trust, need, and clear terms exist. Choose deputies carefully and with awareness of circumstance.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2301
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 3
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 498
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
3) To deputize one in exchanging money and weighing goods
باب الْوَكَالَةِ فِي الصَّرْفِ وَالْمِيزَانِ
‘Umar and Ibn ‘Umar deputized (a person) in money exchanges.
وَقَدْ وَكَّلَ عُمَرُ وَابْنُ عُمَرَ فِي الصَّرْفِ
2302, 2303
To deputize one in exchanging money and weighing goods
Narrated by Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri and Abu Huraira
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ بْنِ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَأَبِي، هُرَيْرَةَ رضى الله عنهما أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم اسْتَعْمَلَ رَجُلاً عَلَى خَيْبَرَ، فَجَاءَهُمْ بِتَمْرٍ جَنِيبٍ فَقَالَ " أَكُلُّ تَمْرِ خَيْبَرَ هَكَذَا ". فَقَالَ إِنَّا لَنَأْخُذُ الصَّاعَ مِنْ هَذَا بِالصَّاعَيْنِ، وَالصَّاعَيْنِ بِالثَّلاَثَةِ. فَقَالَ " لاَ تَفْعَلْ، بِعِ الْجَمْعَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ، ثُمَّ ابْتَعْ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ جَنِيبًا ". وَقَالَ فِي الْمِيزَانِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ.
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) employed someone as a governor at Khaibar. When the man came to Medina, he brought with him dates called Janib. The Prophet (ﷺ) asked him, "Are all the dates of Khaibar of this kind?" The man replied, "(No), we exchange two Sa's of bad dates for one Sa of this kind of dates, or exchange three Sa's for two." On that, the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Don't do so, as it is a kind of usury but sell the dates of inferior quality for money, and then buy Janib with the money." The Prophet said the same thing about dates sold by weight.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by making sure an agent handles money, exchange, and weighing lawfully. A deputy is still bound by halal rules and cannot make a forbidden deal on your behalf.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2302, 2303
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 4
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 499
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
4) To save the thing liable to be spoiled
بَابُ إِذَا أَبْصَرَ الرَّاعِي أَوِ الْوَكِيلُ شَاةً تَمُوتُ أَوْ شَيْئًا يَفْسُدُ ذَبَحَ وَأَصْلَحَ مَا يَخَافُ عَلَيْهِ الْفَسَادَ
2304
To save the thing liable to be spoiled
Narrated by Ibn Ka`b bin Malik from his father
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، سَمِعَ الْمُعْتَمِرَ، أَنْبَأَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ غَنَمٌ تَرْعَى بِسَلْعٍ، فَأَبْصَرَتْ جَارِيَةٌ لَنَا بِشَاةٍ مِنْ غَنَمِنَا مَوْتًا، فَكَسَرَتْ حَجَرًا فَذَبَحَتْهَا بِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ لاَ تَأْكُلُوا حَتَّى أَسْأَلَ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، أَوْ أُرْسِلَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مَنْ يَسْأَلُهُ. وَأَنَّهُ سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَنْ ذَاكَ، أَوْ أَرْسَلَ، فَأَمَرَهُ بِأَكْلِهَا.
We had some sheep which used to graze at Sala'. One of our slavegirls saw a sheep dying and she broke a stone and slaughtered the sheep with it. My father said to the people, "Don't eat it till I ask the Prophet about it (or till I send somebody to ask the Prophet)." So, he asked or sent somebody to ask the Prophet, and the Prophet permitted him to eat it.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by allowing a trustworthy deputy to take necessary action to save entrusted goods from spoilage or loss when immediate delay would cause damage.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2304
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 5
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 500
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
5) To depute a person, present or absent
باب وَكَالَةُ الشَّاهِدِ وَالْغَائِبِ جَائِزَةٌ
2305
To depute a person, present or absent
Narrated by Abu Huraira
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ كَانَ لِرَجُلٍ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم سِنٌّ مِنَ الإِبِلِ فَجَاءَهُ يَتَقَاضَاهُ فَقَالَ " أَعْطُوهُ ". فَطَلَبُوا سِنَّهُ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا لَهُ إِلاَّ سِنًّا فَوْقَهَا. فَقَالَ " أَعْطُوهُ ". فَقَالَ أَوْفَيْتَنِي أَوْفَى اللَّهُ بِكَ. قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم " إِنَّ خِيَارَكُمْ أَحْسَنُكُمْ قَضَاءً ".
The Prophet (ﷺ) owed somebody a camel of a certain age. When he came to demand it back, the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Give him his due." When the people searched for a camel of that age, they found none, but found a camel one year older. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Give it to him." On that, the man remarked, "You have given me my right in full. May Allah give you in full." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "The best amongst you is the one who pays the rights of others generously."
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by appointing a deputy to repay or deliver dues properly, even if you are not present, and by honoring others' rights generously.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2305
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 6
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 501
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
6) To depute a person to repay debts
باب الْوَكَالَةِ فِي قَضَاءِ الدُّيُونِ
2306
To depute a person to repay debts
Narrated by Abu Huraira
حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَلَمَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ أَنَّ رَجُلاً، أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَتَقَاضَاهُ، فَأَغْلَظَ، فَهَمَّ بِهِ أَصْحَابُهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " دَعُوهُ فَإِنَّ لِصَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ مَقَالاً ". ثُمَّ قَالَ " أَعْطُوهُ سِنًّا مِثْلَ سِنِّهِ ". قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لاَ نَجِدُ إِلاَّ أَمْثَلَ مِنْ سِنِّهِ. فَقَالَ " أَعْطُوهُ فَإِنَّ مِنْ خَيْرِكُمْ أَحْسَنَكُمْ قَضَاءً ".
A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) demanding his debts and behaved rudely. The companions intended to harm him, but Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Leave him, for the creditor has the right to speak." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) then said, "Give him a camel of the same age as that of his." The people said, "O Allah's Messenger! There is only a camel that is older than his." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Give it to him, for the best amongst you is he who pays the rights of others handsomely."
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by settling debts through deputies with fairness and excellence, not merely by the bare minimum. Agency does not reduce moral responsibility.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2306
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 7
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 502
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
7) To give a gift to a deputy or to their intercessor
باب إِذَا وَهَبَ شَيْئًا لِوَكِيلٍ أَوْ شَفِيعِ قَوْمٍ جَازَ
This is confirmed by the statement of the Prophet ﷺ to the delegates of the tribe of Hawizin when they appealed to him to return the booty to them. The Prophet ﷺ said, “I give my share to you.”
لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِوَفْدِ هَوَازِنَ حِينَ سَأَلُوهُ الْمَغَانِمَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «نَصِيبِي لَكُمْ».
2307, 2308
To give a gift to a deputy or to their intercessor
Narrated by Marwan bin Al-Hakam and Al-Miswar bin Makhrama
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عُفَيْرٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عُقَيْلٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ وَزَعَمَ عُرْوَةُ أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ، وَالْمِسْوَرَ بْنَ مَخْرَمَةَ، أَخْبَرَاهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَامَ حِينَ جَاءَهُ وَفْدُ هَوَازِنَ مُسْلِمِينَ، فَسَأَلُوهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَسَبْيَهُمْ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " أَحَبُّ الْحَدِيثِ إِلَىَّ أَصْدَقُهُ. فَاخْتَارُوا إِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ إِمَّا السَّبْىَ، وَإِمَّا الْمَالَ، وَقَدْ كُنْتُ اسْتَأْنَيْتُ بِهِمْ " ... " إِنَّا لاَ نَدْرِي مَنْ أَذِنَ مِنْكُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ، فَارْجِعُوا حَتَّى يَرْفَعُوا إِلَيْنَا عُرَفَاؤُكُمْ أَمْرَكُمْ ".
When the delegates of the tribe of Hawazin after embracing Islam, came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), he got up. They appealed to him to return their properties and their captives. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to them, "The most beloved statement to me is the true one. So, you have the option of restoring your properties or your captives, for I have delayed distributing them." ... Then Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "We don't know who amongst you has agreed and who hasn't. Go back and your chiefs may tell us your opinion."
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by respecting authorized representatives and chiefs in group matters, while still ensuring honesty, consent, and clarity from the people they represent.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2307, 2308
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 8
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 503
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
8) If someone deputes a person to give something
باب إِذَا وَكَّلَ رَجُلٌ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ شَيْئًا وَلَمْ يُبَيِّنْ كَمْ يُعْطِي، فَأَعْطَى عَلَى مَا يَتَعَارَفُهُ النَّاسُ
2309
If someone deputes a person to give something
Narrated by Jabir bin `Abdullah
حَدَّثَنَا الْمَكِّيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ،، يَزِيدُ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ، وَلَمْ يُبَلِّغْهُ كُلُّهُمْ رَجُلٌ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ كُنْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي سَفَرٍ ... فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ قَالَ " يَا بِلاَلُ اقْضِهِ وَزِدْهُ ".
I was accompanying the Prophet (ﷺ) on a journey and was riding a slow camel that was lagging behind the others... When we reached Medina, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "O Bilal, pay him and give him extra money." Bilal gave me four Dinars and one Qirat extra.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by giving clear delegated payment instructions and by acting according to recognized fair custom when the exact amount has not been specified.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2309
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 9
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 504
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
9) A woman can depute the ruler in marriage
باب وَكَالَةِ الْمَرْأَةِ الإِمَامَ فِي النِّكَاحِ
2310
A woman can depute the ruler in marriage
Narrated by Sahl bin Sad
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، قَالَ جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي قَدْ وَهَبْتُ لَكَ مِنْ نَفْسِي. فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ زَوِّجْنِيهَا. قَالَ " قَدْ زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا بِمَا مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ ".
A woman came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said, "O Allah's Messenger! I want to give up myself to you." A man said, "Marry her to me." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "We agree to marry her to you with what you know of the Qur'an by heart."
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by recognizing that lawful representation can be used in marriage and other formal matters when done with consent, dignity, and clear authority.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2310
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 10
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 505
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
10) If a person deputes somebody, and the deputy leaves something
بَابُ إِذَا وَكَّلَ رَجُلاً، فَتَرَكَ الْوَكِيلُ شَيْئًا، فَأَجَازَهُ الْمُوَكِّلُ، فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ، وَإِنْ أَقْرَضَهُ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى جَازَ
2311
If a person deputes somebody, and the deputy leaves something
Narrated by Abu Huraira
وَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ أَبُو عَمْرٍو حَدَّثَنَا عَوْفٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ وَكَّلَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِحِفْظِ زَكَاةِ رَمَضَانَ ... قَالَ " ذَاكَ شَيْطَانٌ ".
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) deputed me to keep Sadaqat (al-Fitr) of Ramadan... The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "He really spoke the truth, although he is an absolute liar... It was Satan."
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by staying vigilant in delegated custodial work. Compassion does not mean abandoning prudence, and entrusted goods must still be protected carefully.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2311
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 11
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 505
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
11) If a deputy sells something (in an illegal manner)
باب إِذَا بَاعَ الْوَكِيلُ شَيْئًا فَاسِدًا فَبَيْعُهُ مَرْدُودٌ
2312
If a deputy sells something (in an illegal manner)
Narrated by Abu Sa`id al-Khudri
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ ـ هُوَ ابْنُ سَلاَّمٍ ـ عَنْ يَحْيَى، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عُقْبَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْغَافِرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ جَاءَ بِلاَلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِتَمْرٍ بَرْنِيٍّ ... فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ " أَوَّهْ أَوَّهْ عَيْنُ الرِّبَا عَيْنُ الرِّبَا، لاَ تَفْعَلْ ".
Once Bilal brought Barni dates to the Prophet (ﷺ) and the Prophet (ﷺ) asked him, "From where have you brought these?" Bilal replied, "I had some inferior type of dates and exchanged two Sas of it for one Sa of Barni dates." Thereupon the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Beware! This is definitely Riba! Don't do so, but if you want to buy a superior kind of dates, sell the inferior dates for money and then buy the superior kind with that money."
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by teaching agents the lawful limits of trade. A flawed or forbidden transaction remains flawed even if done by a representative.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2312
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 12
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 506
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
12) The deputyship for managing the Waqf and the expenses of the trustee. The trustee can provide his friends and can eat from it reasonably.
باب الْوَكَالَةِ فِي الْوَقْفِ وَنَفَقَتِهِ، وَأَنْ يُطْعِمَ صَدِيقًا لَهُ وَيَأْكُلَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ
2313
The deputyship for managing the Waqf and the expenses of the trustee. The trustee can provide his friends and can eat from it reasonably.
Narrated by `Amr
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، قَالَ فِي صَدَقَةِ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْوَلِيِّ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ وَيُؤْكِلَ صَدِيقًا {لَهُ} غَيْرَ مُتَأَثِّلٍ مَالاً ...
Concerning the Waqf of `Umar: It was not sinful of the trustee to eat or provide his friends from it, provided the trustee had no intention of collecting fortune for himself. Ibn `Umar was the manager of the trust of `Umar and he used to give presents from it to those with whom he used to stay at Mecca.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by managing trusts and endowments with moderation, honesty, and no self-serving greed. Trusteeship is service, not private extraction.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2313
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 13
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 507
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
13) To depute a person to carry out a punishment
باب الْوَكَالَةِ فِي الْحُدُودِ
2314, 2315
To depute a person to carry out a punishment (1)
Narrated by Zaid bin Khalid and Abu Huraira
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، أَخْبَرَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، وَأَبِي، هُرَيْرَةَ رضى الله عنهما عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " وَاغْدُ يَا أُنَيْسُ إِلَى امْرَأَةِ هَذَا، فَإِنِ اعْتَرَفَتْ فَارْجُمْهَا ".
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "O Unais! Go to the wife of this man and if she confesses, then stone her to death."
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by understanding that delegated authority must remain within lawful bounds, under proper authority, and never as personal revenge or chaos.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2314, 2315
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 14
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 508
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
2316
To depute a person to carry out a punishment (2)
Narrated by `Uqba bin Al-Harith
حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ سَلاَمٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، قَالَ جِيءَ بِالنُّعَيْمَانِ أَوِ ابْنِ النُّعَيْمَانِ شَارِبًا ...
When An-Nuaman or his son was brought in a state of drunkenness, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ordered all those who were present in the house to beat him. I was one of those who beat him. We beat him with shoes and palm-leaf stalks.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by recognizing that actions under delegated authority require lawful structure and obedience to legitimate leadership, not private freelancing.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2316
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 15
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 509
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
14) To depute someone to sacrifice Budn and to look after them
باب الْوَكَالَةِ فِي الْبُدْنِ وَتَعَاهُدِهَا
2317
To depute someone to sacrifice Budn and to look after them
Narrated by `Aisha
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ قَالَتْ، عَائِشَةُ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ أَنَا فَتَلْتُ، قَلاَئِدَ هَدْىِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِيَدَىَّ ...
I twisted the garlands of the Hadis of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) with my own hands. Then Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) put them around their necks with his own hands, and sent them with my father to Mecca. Nothing legal was regarded illegal for Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) till the animals were slaughtered.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by using deputies in sacrificial and logistical matters responsibly, while keeping clear boundaries and instructions.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2317
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 16
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 510
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
15) If a person tells his deputy, "Spend it as Allah directs you."
بَابُ إِذَا قَالَ الرَّجُلُ لِوَكِيلِهِ ضَعْهُ حَيْثُ أَرَاكَ اللَّهُ. وَقَالَ الْوَكِيلُ قَدْ سَمِعْتُ مَا قُلْتَ
2318
If a person tells his deputy, "Spend it as Allah directs you."
Narrated by Anas bin Malik
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، قَالَ قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ يَقُولُ كَانَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ أَكْثَرَ الأَنْصَارِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مَالاً ...
Abu Talha was the richest man in Medina amongst the Ansar and Beeruha' was the most beloved of his property... Abu Talha said, "I will do so, O Allah's Messenger." So, Abu Talha distributed it among his relatives and cousins.
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by giving broad delegated discretion only to trustworthy people who understand your intention, the limits, and the higher purpose of the trust.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2318
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 17
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 511
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
16) To depute a trustworthy treasurer
باب وَكَالَةِ الأَمِينِ فِي الْخِزَانَةِ وَنَحْوِهَا
2319
To depute a trustworthy treasurer
Narrated by Abu Musa
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلاَءِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ بُرَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى ـ رضى الله عنه ـ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " الْخَازِنُ الأَمِينُ الَّذِي يُنْفِقُ ... أَحَدُ الْمُتَصَدِّقَيْنِ ".
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "An honest treasurer who gives what he is ordered to give fully, perfectly and willingly to the person to whom he is ordered to give, is regarded as one of the two charitable persons."
How to Apply This in Life
Apply this Hadith by appointing honest, competent people over money, goods, and records. A trustworthy deputy is part of the good itself.
Reference :
Sahih al-Bukhari 2319
In-book reference :
Book 40, Hadith 18
USC-MSA web (English) reference :
Vol. 3, Book 38, Hadith 512
Scheme :
(deprecated numbering scheme)
